706 lines
24 KiB
PHP
706 lines
24 KiB
PHP
<?php
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namespace app\common;
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/**
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* 背景调查公共服务
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* 封装 OpenAlex / CrossRef / Retraction Watch 数据查询
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*/
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class BackgroundCheckService
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{
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private $openAlexBase = 'https://api.openalex.org';
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private $crossRefBase = 'https://api.crossref.org';
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private $mailto = 'publisher@tmrjournals.com';
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// ===================== OpenAlex =====================
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public function openAlexGet($path, $query = [])
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{
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$query['mailto'] = $this->mailto;
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$url = $this->openAlexBase . $path . '?' . http_build_query($query);
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$result = $this->httpGet($url, [
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'Accept: application/json',
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'User-Agent: TMRJournals-BackgroundCheck/1.0 (mailto:' . $this->mailto . ')',
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]);
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if (!$result['success']) {
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return $result;
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}
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$data = json_decode($result['body'], true);
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if (!is_array($data)) {
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return ['success' => false, 'error' => 'OpenAlex返回数据格式异常'];
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}
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return ['success' => true, 'data' => $data];
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}
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public function resolveAuthor($params)
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{
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if (!empty($params['openalex_id'])) {
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$id = preg_replace('/^https?:\/\/openalex\.org\//', '', $params['openalex_id']);
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$res = $this->openAlexGet('/authors/' . urlencode($id));
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if (!$res['success']) {
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return ['success' => false, 'error' => $res['error']];
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}
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return ['success' => true, 'data' => $res['data']];
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}
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if (!empty($params['orcid'])) {
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$orcid = $this->cleanOrcid($params['orcid']);
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$res = $this->openAlexGet('/authors/https://orcid.org/' . $orcid);
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if (!$res['success']) {
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return ['success' => false, 'error' => '未在 OpenAlex 找到该 ORCID 对应学者'];
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}
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return ['success' => true, 'data' => $res['data']];
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}
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if (empty($params['name'])) {
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return ['success' => false, 'error' => '请提供 openalex_id、orcid 或 name'];
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}
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$filter = 'display_name.search:' . $params['name'];
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if (!empty($params['affiliation'])) {
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$filter .= ',last_known_institutions.display_name.search:' . $params['affiliation'];
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}
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$res = $this->openAlexGet('/authors', [
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'search' => $params['name'],
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'filter' => $filter,
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'sort' => 'cited_by_count:desc',
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'per-page' => 1,
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]);
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if (!$res['success']) {
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return ['success' => false, 'error' => $res['error']];
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}
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$results = $res['data']['results'] ?? [];
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if (empty($results)) {
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return ['success' => false, 'error' => '未找到匹配学者，请补充 affiliation 或使用 orcid'];
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}
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return ['success' => true, 'data' => $results[0]];
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}
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public function fetchRetractedWorksOpenAlex($openAlexId)
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{
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$res = $this->openAlexGet('/works', [
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'filter' => 'authorships.author.id:' . $openAlexId . ',is_retracted:true',
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'sort' => 'publication_date:desc',
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'per-page' => 25,
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]);
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if (!$res['success']) {
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return ['count' => 0, 'list' => [], 'error' => $res['error']];
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}
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$list = [];
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foreach ($res['data']['results'] ?? [] as $work) {
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$list[] = $this->formatOpenAlexWork($work);
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}
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return ['count' => count($list), 'list' => $list, 'source' => 'openalex'];
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}
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public function fetchRecentWorks($openAlexId, $limit = 5)
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{
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$res = $this->openAlexGet('/works', [
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'filter' => 'authorships.author.id:' . $openAlexId,
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'sort' => 'publication_date:desc',
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'per-page' => $limit,
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]);
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if (!$res['success']) {
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return [];
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}
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$list = [];
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foreach ($res['data']['results'] ?? [] as $work) {
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$item = $this->formatOpenAlexWork($work);
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$item['is_retracted'] = !empty($work['is_retracted']);
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$list[] = $item;
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}
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return $list;
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}
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/**
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* 按领域/关键词批量搜索学者（OpenAlex）
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*/
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public function searchAuthorsByField($keyword, $options = [])
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{
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$minHIndex = intval($options['min_h_index'] ?? 5);
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$limit = min(max(intval($options['limit'] ?? 10), 1), 30);
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$page = max(intval($options['page'] ?? 1), 1);
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$topicId = $this->resolveTopicId($keyword);
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$filters = [];
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if ($topicId !== '') {
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$filters[] = 'topics.id:' . $topicId;
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}
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if ($minHIndex > 0) {
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$filters[] = 'summary_stats.h_index:>' . $minHIndex;
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}
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$query = [
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'sort' => 'cited_by_count:desc',
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'per-page' => $limit,
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'page' => $page,
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];
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if (!empty($filters)) {
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$query['filter'] = implode(',', $filters);
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$query['search'] = $keyword;
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} else {
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$query['search'] = $keyword;
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}
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$res = $this->openAlexGet('/authors', $query);
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if (!$res['success']) {
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return ['success' => false, 'error' => $res['error']];
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}
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$authors = [];
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foreach ($res['data']['results'] ?? [] as $author) {
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$authors[] = $this->formatAuthorBrief($author);
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}
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return [
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'success' => true,
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'data' => [
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'keyword' => $keyword,
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'topic_id' => $topicId,
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'page' => $page,
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'limit' => $limit,
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'total' => $res['data']['meta']['count'] ?? count($authors),
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'list' => $authors,
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],
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];
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}
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private function resolveTopicId($keyword)
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{
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$res = $this->openAlexGet('/topics', [
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'search' => $keyword,
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'sort' => 'works_count:desc',
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'per-page' => 1,
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]);
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if (!$res['success']) {
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return '';
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}
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$results = $res['data']['results'] ?? [];
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if (empty($results)) {
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return '';
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}
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return $this->extractOpenAlexId($results[0]['id'] ?? '');
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}
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// ===================== CrossRef =====================
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public function cleanDoi($doi)
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{
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$doi = trim($doi);
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$doi = preg_replace('/^https?:\/\/doi\.org\//', '', $doi);
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$doi = preg_replace('/^doi:\s*/i', '', $doi);
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return trim($doi);
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}
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public function fetchCrossRefWork($doi)
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{
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$doi = $this->cleanDoi($doi);
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if ($doi === '') {
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return ['success' => false, 'error' => 'DOI为空'];
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}
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$url = $this->crossRefBase . '/works/' . urlencode($doi);
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$result = $this->httpGet($url, [
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'Accept: application/json',
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'User-Agent: TMRJournals-BackgroundCheck/1.0 (mailto:' . $this->mailto . ')',
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]);
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if (!$result['success']) {
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return ['success' => false, 'error' => $result['error']];
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}
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if ($result['http_code'] == 404) {
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return ['success' => false, 'error' => 'DOI在CrossRef中未找到'];
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}
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if ($result['http_code'] != 200) {
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return ['success' => false, 'error' => 'CrossRef返回 HTTP ' . $result['http_code']];
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}
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$data = json_decode($result['body'], true);
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if (!isset($data['message'])) {
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return ['success' => false, 'error' => 'CrossRef返回数据格式异常'];
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}
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return ['success' => true, 'message' => $data['message']];
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}
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public function parseCrossRefRetractionDetail($doi, $message)
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{
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$retraction = $this->detectCrossRefRetraction($message);
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return [
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'doi' => $this->cleanDoi($doi),
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'title' => isset($message['title'][0]) ? $message['title'][0] : '',
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'is_retracted' => $retraction['is_retracted'],
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'retraction_detail' => $retraction['retraction_detail'],
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'journal' => isset($message['container-title'][0]) ? $message['container-title'][0] : '',
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'publisher' => $message['publisher'] ?? '',
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'published_date' => isset($message['published-print']) ? $this->parseDateParts($message['published-print']) : '',
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'authors' => $this->parseCrossRefAuthors($message['author'] ?? []),
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'url' => $message['URL'] ?? ('https://doi.org/' . $this->cleanDoi($doi)),
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];
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}
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public function enrichRetractionsWithCrossRef($retractionList)
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{
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$enriched = [];
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foreach ($retractionList as $item) {
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$doi = $this->cleanDoi($item['doi'] ?? '');
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if ($doi === '') {
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$item['crossref'] = ['success' => false, 'error' => '无DOI'];
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$enriched[] = $item;
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continue;
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}
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$res = $this->fetchCrossRefWork($doi);
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if (!$res['success']) {
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$item['crossref'] = ['success' => false, 'error' => $res['error']];
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} else {
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$item['crossref'] = [
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'success' => true,
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'data' => $this->parseCrossRefRetractionDetail($doi, $res['message']),
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];
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}
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$enriched[] = $item;
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usleep(200000);
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}
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return $enriched;
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}
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private function detectCrossRefRetraction($message)
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{
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$isRetracted = false;
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$retractionDetail = [
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'sources' => [],
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'retraction_notices' => [],
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'record_ids' => [],
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];
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foreach (['updated-by', 'update-to'] as $field) {
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if (!isset($message[$field]) || !is_array($message[$field])) {
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continue;
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}
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foreach ($message[$field] as $update) {
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$updateType = strtolower($update['type'] ?? '');
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$updateLabel = strtolower($update['label'] ?? '');
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if (strpos($updateType, 'retract') === false && strpos($updateLabel, 'retract') === false) {
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continue;
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}
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$isRetracted = true;
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$source = $update['source'] ?? 'publisher';
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$retractionDetail['sources'][] = $source;
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$notice = [
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'type' => $update['type'] ?? '',
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'label' => $update['label'] ?? '',
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'source' => $source,
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'notice_doi'=> $update['DOI'] ?? '',
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'date' => isset($update['updated']) ? $this->parseDateParts($update['updated']) : '',
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'record_id' => $update['record-id'] ?? '',
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];
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$retractionDetail['retraction_notices'][] = $notice;
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if (!empty($notice['record_id'])) {
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$retractionDetail['record_ids'][] = $notice['record_id'];
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}
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}
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}
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$type = strtolower($message['type'] ?? '');
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$subtype = strtolower($message['subtype'] ?? '');
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if (strpos($type, 'retract') !== false || strpos($subtype, 'retract') !== false) {
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$isRetracted = true;
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$retractionDetail['is_retraction_notice'] = true;
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}
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if (isset($message['relation']) && is_array($message['relation'])) {
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foreach ($message['relation'] as $relType => $relations) {
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if (strpos(strtolower($relType), 'retract') !== false) {
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$isRetracted = true;
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$retractionDetail['relation'] = [$relType => $relations];
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break;
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}
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}
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}
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$retractionDetail['sources'] = array_values(array_unique($retractionDetail['sources']));
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$retractionDetail['record_ids'] = array_values(array_unique($retractionDetail['record_ids']));
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return ['is_retracted' => $isRetracted, 'retraction_detail' => $retractionDetail];
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}
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// ===================== Retraction Watch (via CrossRef) =====================
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/**
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* 通过 CrossRef 检索 Retraction Watch 来源的撤稿记录（按作者姓名）
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*/
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public function fetchRetractionWatchByAuthor($authorName)
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{
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$url = $this->crossRefBase . '/works?' . http_build_query([
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'query.author' => $authorName,
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'filter' => 'update-type:retraction',
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'rows' => 25,
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'mailto' => $this->mailto,
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]);
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$result = $this->httpGet($url, [
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'Accept: application/json',
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'User-Agent: TMRJournals-BackgroundCheck/1.0 (mailto:' . $this->mailto . ')',
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]);
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if (!$result['success']) {
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return ['count' => 0, 'list' => [], 'error' => $result['error']];
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}
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if ($result['http_code'] != 200) {
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return ['count' => 0, 'list' => [], 'error' => 'CrossRef返回 HTTP ' . $result['http_code']];
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}
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$data = json_decode($result['body'], true);
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$items = $data['message']['items'] ?? [];
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$list = [];
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foreach ($items as $message) {
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$parsed = $this->parseCrossRefRetractionDetail($message['DOI'] ?? '', $message);
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if (!$parsed['is_retracted']) {
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continue;
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}
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$rwSources = array_filter($parsed['retraction_detail']['sources'] ?? [], function ($s) {
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return stripos($s, 'retraction-watch') !== false || stripos($s, 'retraction_watch') !== false;
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});
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$list[] = [
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'title' => $parsed['title'],
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'doi' => $parsed['doi'],
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'journal' => $parsed['journal'],
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'publisher' => $parsed['publisher'],
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'published_date' => $parsed['published_date'],
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'is_retracted' => true,
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'retraction_detail' => $parsed['retraction_detail'],
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'from_retraction_watch' => !empty($rwSources) || !empty($parsed['retraction_detail']['record_ids']),
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'source' => 'retraction_watch',
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];
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}
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return [
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'count' => count($list),
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'list' => $list,
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'source' => 'retraction_watch',
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];
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}
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/**
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* 合并 OpenAlex + Retraction Watch 撤稿记录（按 DOI 去重）
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*/
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public function mergeRetractionRecords($openAlexRetractions, $rwRetractions, $withCrossRefDetail = false)
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{
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$merged = [];
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$doiMap = [];
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foreach ([$openAlexRetractions, $rwRetractions] as $sourceData) {
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foreach ($sourceData['list'] ?? [] as $item) {
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$doi = $this->cleanDoi($item['doi'] ?? '');
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$key = $doi !== '' ? strtolower($doi) : md5(json_encode($item));
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if (!isset($doiMap[$key])) {
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$doiMap[$key] = [
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'title' => $item['title'] ?? '',
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'doi' => $doi,
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'journal' => $item['journal'] ?? '',
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'publication_date' => $item['publication_date'] ?? ($item['published_date'] ?? ''),
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'sources' => [],
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'retraction_detail'=> $item['retraction_detail'] ?? [],
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'from_retraction_watch' => !empty($item['from_retraction_watch']),
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];
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}
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$src = $item['source'] ?? 'unknown';
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if (!in_array($src, $doiMap[$key]['sources'])) {
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$doiMap[$key]['sources'][] = $src;
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}
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if (!empty($item['from_retraction_watch'])) {
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$doiMap[$key]['from_retraction_watch'] = true;
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}
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if (!empty($item['retraction_detail']) && empty($doiMap[$key]['retraction_detail'])) {
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$doiMap[$key]['retraction_detail'] = $item['retraction_detail'];
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}
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}
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}
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$merged = array_values($doiMap);
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if ($withCrossRefDetail) {
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$merged = $this->enrichRetractionsWithCrossRef($merged);
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}
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$rwOnlyCount = 0;
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foreach ($merged as $row) {
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if (!empty($row['from_retraction_watch']) && count($row['sources'] ?? []) <= 1) {
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$rwOnlyCount++;
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}
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}
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return [
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'count' => count($merged),
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'openalex_count' => intval($openAlexRetractions['count'] ?? 0),
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'rw_count' => intval($rwRetractions['count'] ?? 0),
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'rw_only_count' => $rwOnlyCount,
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'list' => $merged,
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];
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}
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// ===================== 格式化 =====================
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public function formatAuthorBrief($author)
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{
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$institutions = [];
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foreach ($author['last_known_institutions'] ?? [] as $inst) {
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$institutions[] = [
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'name' => $inst['display_name'] ?? '',
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'country' => $inst['country_code'] ?? '',
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];
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}
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return [
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'openalex_id' => $this->extractOpenAlexId($author['id'] ?? ''),
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'name' => $author['display_name'] ?? '',
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'orcid' => $this->extractOrcid($author['orcid'] ?? ''),
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'works_count' => intval($author['works_count'] ?? 0),
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'cited_by_count' => intval($author['cited_by_count'] ?? 0),
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'h_index' => intval($author['summary_stats']['h_index'] ?? 0),
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'institutions' => $institutions,
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'openalex_url' => $author['id'] ?? '',
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];
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}
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public function parseAuthorMetrics($author)
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{
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$stats = $author['summary_stats'] ?? [];
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return [
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'works_count' => intval($author['works_count'] ?? 0),
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'cited_by_count' => intval($author['cited_by_count'] ?? 0),
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'h_index' => intval($stats['h_index'] ?? 0),
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'i10_index' => intval($stats['i10_index'] ?? 0),
|
||
'two_year_mean_cited' => round(floatval($stats['2yr_mean_citedness'] ?? 0), 2),
|
||
'level_label' => $this->getAcademicLevelLabel($stats),
|
||
];
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
public function parseResearchTopics($author)
|
||
{
|
||
$topics = [];
|
||
foreach ($author['x_concepts'] ?? [] as $concept) {
|
||
if (empty($concept['display_name'])) {
|
||
continue;
|
||
}
|
||
$topics[] = [
|
||
'name' => $concept['display_name'],
|
||
'score' => round(floatval($concept['score'] ?? 0), 3),
|
||
];
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if (empty($topics)) {
|
||
foreach ($author['topics'] ?? [] as $topic) {
|
||
if (empty($topic['display_name'])) {
|
||
continue;
|
||
}
|
||
$topics[] = [
|
||
'name' => $topic['display_name'],
|
||
'score' => round(floatval($topic['score'] ?? 0), 3),
|
||
];
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
return array_slice($topics, 0, 8);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
public function assessRisk($metrics, $retractions)
|
||
{
|
||
$retractionCount = intval($retractions['count'] ?? 0);
|
||
$rwOnlyCount = intval($retractions['rw_only_count'] ?? 0);
|
||
$level = 'low';
|
||
$score = 0;
|
||
$reasons = [];
|
||
|
||
if ($retractionCount === 0) {
|
||
$level = 'low';
|
||
$score = 10;
|
||
$reasons[] = 'OpenAlex 与 Retraction Watch 均未发现撤稿记录';
|
||
} elseif ($retractionCount === 1) {
|
||
$level = 'medium';
|
||
$score = 50;
|
||
$reasons[] = '发现 1 篇撤稿论文，建议人工核实撤稿原因';
|
||
} else {
|
||
$level = 'high';
|
||
$score = 80 + min($retractionCount * 5, 20);
|
||
$reasons[] = '发现 ' . $retractionCount . ' 篇撤稿论文，存在较高学术风险';
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if ($rwOnlyCount > 0) {
|
||
$reasons[] = 'Retraction Watch 额外发现 ' . $rwOnlyCount . ' 条 OpenAlex 未收录的撤稿记录';
|
||
if ($level === 'low') {
|
||
$level = 'medium';
|
||
$score = max($score, 45);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
$worksCount = max(intval($metrics['works_count'] ?? 0), 1);
|
||
$retractionRate = round($retractionCount / $worksCount * 100, 2);
|
||
if ($retractionCount > 0 && $retractionRate >= 5) {
|
||
$reasons[] = '撤稿率 ' . $retractionRate . '%，比例偏高';
|
||
if ($level === 'medium') {
|
||
$level = 'high';
|
||
$score = max($score, 70);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
return [
|
||
'level' => $level,
|
||
'level_label' => $this->getRiskLevelLabel($level),
|
||
'score' => min($score, 100),
|
||
'retraction_count' => $retractionCount,
|
||
'retraction_rate' => $retractionRate . '%',
|
||
'rw_only_count' => $rwOnlyCount,
|
||
'reasons' => $reasons,
|
||
];
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// ===================== 内部工具 =====================
|
||
|
||
private function formatOpenAlexWork($work)
|
||
{
|
||
return [
|
||
'title' => $work['display_name'] ?? '',
|
||
'doi' => $this->extractDoi($work),
|
||
'publication_date' => $work['publication_date'] ?? '',
|
||
'journal' => $work['primary_location']['source']['display_name'] ?? '',
|
||
'cited_by_count' => intval($work['cited_by_count'] ?? 0),
|
||
'openalex_url' => $work['id'] ?? '',
|
||
'source' => 'openalex',
|
||
];
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
private function parseCrossRefAuthors($authorList)
|
||
{
|
||
if (empty($authorList) || !is_array($authorList)) {
|
||
return [];
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
$result = [];
|
||
foreach ($authorList as $a) {
|
||
$result[] = [
|
||
'given' => $a['given'] ?? '',
|
||
'family' => $a['family'] ?? '',
|
||
'name' => isset($a['name']) ? $a['name'] : trim(($a['given'] ?? '') . ' ' . ($a['family'] ?? '')),
|
||
'orcid' => $a['ORCID'] ?? '',
|
||
];
|
||
}
|
||
return $result;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
private function parseDateParts($dateObj)
|
||
{
|
||
if (!isset($dateObj['date-parts'][0])) {
|
||
return '';
|
||
}
|
||
$parts = $dateObj['date-parts'][0];
|
||
$y = isset($parts[0]) ? $parts[0] : '';
|
||
$m = isset($parts[1]) ? sprintf('%02d', $parts[1]) : '';
|
||
$d = isset($parts[2]) ? sprintf('%02d', $parts[2]) : '';
|
||
if ($y && $m && $d) {
|
||
return "{$y}-{$m}-{$d}";
|
||
}
|
||
if ($y && $m) {
|
||
return "{$y}-{$m}";
|
||
}
|
||
return (string)$y;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
private function getAcademicLevelLabel($stats)
|
||
{
|
||
$h = intval($stats['h_index'] ?? 0);
|
||
if ($h >= 50) return '国际顶尖学者';
|
||
if ($h >= 30) return '资深专家';
|
||
if ($h >= 15) return '活跃研究者';
|
||
if ($h >= 5) return '青年学者';
|
||
if ($h > 0) return '初入领域';
|
||
return '暂无足够公开数据';
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
private function getRiskLevelLabel($level)
|
||
{
|
||
$map = ['low' => '低风险', 'medium' => '中风险', 'high' => '高风险'];
|
||
return $map[$level] ?? '未知';
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
public function extractOpenAlexId($id)
|
||
{
|
||
return preg_replace('/^https?:\/\/openalex\.org\//', '', $id);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
public function extractOrcid($orcid)
|
||
{
|
||
if ($orcid === '') return '';
|
||
return preg_replace('/^https?:\/\/orcid\.org\//', '', $orcid);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
public function cleanOrcid($orcid)
|
||
{
|
||
$orcid = trim($orcid);
|
||
$orcid = preg_replace('/^https?:\/\/orcid\.org\//', '', $orcid);
|
||
return trim($orcid);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
private function extractDoi($work)
|
||
{
|
||
$doi = $work['doi'] ?? '';
|
||
return preg_replace('/^https?:\/\/doi\.org\//', '', $doi);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
private function httpGet($url, $headers = [])
|
||
{
|
||
$ch = curl_init();
|
||
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
|
||
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
|
||
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, false);
|
||
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 30);
|
||
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, $headers);
|
||
|
||
$body = curl_exec($ch);
|
||
$httpCode = curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
|
||
|
||
if (curl_errno($ch)) {
|
||
$error = curl_error($ch);
|
||
curl_close($ch);
|
||
return ['success' => false, 'error' => 'HTTP请求失败: ' . $error];
|
||
}
|
||
curl_close($ch);
|
||
|
||
return ['success' => true, 'body' => $body, 'http_code' => $httpCode];
|
||
}
|
||
}
|