<?php

namespace app\common\service;

use think\Env;

/**
 * 医学/护理期刊 — 青年编委/作者背景调查（ORCID 精准查询）
 * 数据源：OpenAlex、ORCID、PubMed、Retraction Watch、Scopus
 */
class AuthorBackgroundService
{
    const RW_CSV_URL = 'https://gitlab.com/crossref/retraction-watch-data/-/raw/main/retraction_watch.csv';
    const RW_CACHE_H = 86400;

    /** @var string PubMed / OpenAlex 联系邮箱 */
    private $email = '';

    /** @var string Elsevier Scopus API Key */
    private $scopusApiKey = '';

    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->email = trim((string) Env::get('author_bg.email', ''));
        if ($this->email === '') {
            $this->email = trim((string) Env::get('pubmed.email', 'yananwang898@gmail.com'));
        }
        $this->scopusApiKey = trim((string) Env::get('scopus.api_key', ''));
        if ($this->scopusApiKey === '') {
            $this->scopusApiKey = trim((string) config('scopus.api_key', ''));
        }
    }

    /**
     * 生成完整背调报告数据（前后端分离 JSON）
     *
     * @return array{ok:bool,msg?:string,data?:array}
     */
    public function buildReport($orcid, $lastName, $firstName, $institution)
    {
        $orcidNorm = $this->normalizeOrcid($orcid);
        $lastName  = trim((string) $lastName);
        $firstName = trim((string) $firstName);
        $institution = trim((string) $institution);

        $hasQuery = ($orcidNorm !== '') || ($lastName !== '') || ($firstName !== '');
        if (!$hasQuery) {
            return ['ok' => false, 'msg' => '请提供 ORCID 或姓名'];
        }

        $orcidSource = 'provided';
        if ($orcidNorm === '') {
            if ($lastName === '') {
                return [
                    'ok'  => false,
                    'msg' => '未提供 ORCID 时，需填写作者姓氏',
                    'data' => [
                        'orcid_required' => true,
                        'submitted'      => [
                            'last_name'   => $lastName,
                            'first_name'  => $firstName,
                            'institution' => $institution,
                        ],
                        'hint' => '请填写 ORCID，或至少填写姓氏（机构选填，仅用于候选列表排序）',
                    ],
                ];
            }
            $search = $this->searchOrcidCandidates($lastName, $firstName, $institution);
            $candidates = $search['candidates'] ?? [];
            if (empty($candidates)) {
                return [
                    'ok'  => false,
                    'msg' => '未能按姓名检索到 ORCID，请手动填写',
                    'data' => [
                        'orcid_required' => true,
                        'submitted'      => [
                            'last_name'   => $lastName,
                            'first_name'  => $firstName,
                            'institution' => $institution,
                        ],
                        'hint'            => '已在 OpenAlex、ORCID 官网、Scopus 按姓名检索，未找到带 ORCID 的作者',
                        'lookup_attempts' => $search['attempts'] ?? [],
                    ],
                ];
            }
            if (count($candidates) > 1) {
                return [
                    'ok'          => false,
                    'need_select' => true,
                    'msg'         => '匹配到 ' . count($candidates) . ' 位作者，请选择',
                    'data'        => [
                        'candidates' => $candidates,
                        'submitted'  => [
                            'last_name'   => $lastName,
                            'first_name'  => $firstName,
                            'institution' => $institution,
                        ],
                        'lookup_attempts' => $search['attempts'] ?? [],
                    ],
                ];
            }
            $orcidNorm   = $candidates[0]['orcid'];
            $orcidSource = 'name_search';
            if ($firstName === '' && !empty($candidates[0]['display_name'])) {
                $parts = preg_split('/\s+/u', trim($candidates[0]['display_name']));
                if (count($parts) > 1) {
                    $lastName  = array_pop($parts);
                    $firstName = implode(' ', $parts);
                }
            }
        }

        $way = $this->describeQueryWay($orcidSource);
        $authorDisplay = trim("$firstName $lastName");
        $orcidData = $this->orcidProfile($orcidNorm);
        if ($orcidData['name'] !== '') {
            $authorDisplay = $orcidData['name'];
        }

        $openalexAuthor = $this->resolveOpenAlexAuthor($orcidNorm, $firstName, $lastName, $institution);
        $metrics        = $this->openalexMetrics($openalexAuthor);
        $pubmed         = $this->pubmedSearch($lastName, $firstName, $institution, $orcidNorm, 50);
        $rw             = $this->searchRetractionsHybrid($orcidData['papers'], $firstName, $lastName, $institution, $authorDisplay);
        $scopusUrl      = $this->scopusDirectUrl($lastName, $firstName, $institution, $orcidNorm);
        $scopusApi      = $this->scopusApiSearch($orcidNorm, $lastName, $firstName, $institution);
        $dups           = $this->checkDuplicateTitles($this->papersForDupCheck($orcidData['papers'], $pubmed['papers']));
        $worksCount     = $this->resolveWorksCount($metrics, $orcidData, $pubmed, $scopusApi, $orcidNorm);
        $risk           = $this->riskLevel($rw, $metrics['h_index'], $worksCount);

        $orcidPapers = array_slice($orcidData['papers'], 0, 10);
        $pubmedPapers = array_slice($pubmed['papers'], 0, 10);
        foreach ($orcidPapers as &$p) {
            $p['open_url'] = $this->paperOpenUrl($p);
        }
        unset($p);
        foreach ($pubmedPapers as &$p) {
            $p['open_url'] = $this->paperOpenUrl($p);
        }
        unset($p);
        foreach ($dups as &$dg) {
            foreach ($dg['papers'] as &$dp) {
                $dp['open_url'] = $this->paperOpenUrl($dp);
            }
            unset($dp);
        }
        unset($dg);

        return [
            'ok'   => true,
            'data' => [
                'report_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s'),
                'query'     => [
                    'way'            => $way,
                    'orcid'          => $orcidNorm,
                    'orcid_source'   => $orcidSource,
                    'orcid_resolved' => $orcidSource !== 'provided',
                    'last_name'      => $lastName,
                    'first_name'     => $firstName,
                    'institution'    => $institution,
                ],
                'conclusion' => [
                    'risk_level' => $risk,
                    'notes'      => [
                        '有 ORCID 时优先以 ORCID + OpenAlex 为准，指标更稳定。',
                        '撤稿数据来自 Retraction Watch：有 DOI 作品按 DOI 精确比对；无 DOI 作品回退姓名/题目匹配（同名有风险，需人工核实）。',
                        '本报告不构成法律认定，重大决策请结合原始文献、单位证明及人工调查。',
                    ],
                ],
                'basic' => [
                    'display_name'      => $authorDisplay,
                    'orcid'             => $orcidNorm,
                    'orcid_url'         => 'https://orcid.org/' . $orcidNorm,
                    'orcid_affiliations'=> $orcidData['affiliations'],
                    'openalex_institutions' => $metrics['institutions'],
                    'openalex_url'      => $metrics['openalex_url'],
                    'scopus_id'         => $metrics['scopus_id'],
                    'scopus_url'        => $metrics['scopus_url'],
                ],
                'scopus' => [
                    'search_url' => $scopusUrl,
                    'api'        => $scopusApi,
                ],
                'metrics' => [
                    'works_count'    => $worksCount,
                    'cited_by_count' => (int) $metrics['cited_by_count'],
                    'h_index'        => (int) $metrics['h_index'],
                    'i10_index'      => (int) $metrics['i10_index'],
                    'topics'         => $metrics['topics'],
                    'pubmed_total'   => (int) $pubmed['total'],
                    'pubmed_query'   => $pubmed['query'],
                    'pubmed_url'     => $pubmed['pubmed_url'],
                ],
                'retraction_watch' => $rw,
                'duplicates'       => $dups,
                'pubmed_papers'    => $pubmedPapers,
                'orcid_papers'     => [
                    'total'  => (int) $orcidData['papers_total'],
                    'papers' => $orcidPapers,
                ],
                'sources' => ['OpenAlex', 'ORCID', 'PubMed', 'Scopus', 'Retraction Watch'],
            ],
        ];
    }

    public function normalizeOrcid($raw)
    {
        $raw = trim((string) $raw);
        if ($raw === '') {
            return '';
        }
        if (preg_match('/(\d{4}-\d{4}-\d{4}-\d{3}[\dX])/i', $raw, $m)) {
            return strtolower($m[1]);
        }
        return '';
    }

    /**
     * 按姓名检索 ORCID 候选（机构仅用于排序/校验，不参与搜索）
     *
     * @return array{candidates:array,attempts:array}
     */
    public function searchOrcidCandidates($lastName, $firstName, $institution)
    {
        $attempts = [];
        $lastName  = trim((string) $lastName);
        $firstName = trim((string) $firstName);
        $institution = trim((string) $institution);
        $pool = [];

        if ($lastName === '') {
            return ['candidates' => [], 'attempts' => []];
        }

        $openalexList = $this->openalexAuthorsByName($firstName, $lastName);
        $attempts[] = ['source' => 'openalex', 'count' => count($openalexList)];
        foreach ($openalexList as $author) {
            $orcid = $this->extractOrcidFromOpenAlexAuthor($author);
            if ($orcid === '') {
                continue;
            }
            $displayName = $author['display_name'] ?? '';
            if (!$this->isAcceptableNameMatch($displayName, $firstName, $lastName)) {
                continue;
            }
            $affs = [];
            foreach ($author['last_known_institutions'] ?? [] as $ins) {
                $n = trim((string) ($ins['display_name'] ?? ''));
                if ($n !== '') {
                    $affs[] = $n;
                }
            }
            $this->addOrcidCandidate($pool, $orcid, $displayName, $affs, 'openalex', $institution);
        }

        $orcidResults = $this->orcidRegistrySearch($lastName, $firstName);
        $attempts[] = ['source' => 'orcid_registry', 'count' => count($orcidResults)];
        foreach ($orcidResults as $row) {
            $orcid = $this->normalizeOrcid($row['orcid-id'] ?? $row['orcid_id'] ?? '');
            if ($orcid === '') {
                continue;
            }
            $given  = trim((string) ($row['given-names'] ?? $row['given_names'] ?? ''));
            $family = trim((string) ($row['family-names'] ?? $row['family_names'] ?? ''));
            $displayName = trim($given . ' ' . $family);
            if (!$this->isAcceptableNameMatch($displayName, $firstName, $lastName, $given, $family)) {
                continue;
            }
            $instNames = $row['institution-name'] ?? $row['institution_name'] ?? [];
            if (!is_array($instNames)) {
                $instNames = $instNames !== '' ? [$instNames] : [];
            }
            $this->addOrcidCandidate($pool, $orcid, $displayName, $instNames, 'orcid_registry', $institution);
        }

        $scopus = $this->scopusApiSearch('', $lastName, $firstName, $institution, true);
        $attempts[] = ['source' => 'scopus', 'count' => count($scopus['entries'] ?? [])];
        foreach ($scopus['entries'] ?? [] as $entry) {
            $orcid = $this->normalizeOrcid($entry['orcid'] ?? '');
            if ($orcid === '') {
                continue;
            }
            $displayName = $entry['name'] ?? '';
            if (!$this->isAcceptableNameMatch($displayName, $firstName, $lastName)) {
                continue;
            }
            $affs = [];
            if (!empty($entry['affiliation'])) {
                $affs[] = $entry['affiliation'];
            }
            $this->addOrcidCandidate($pool, $orcid, $displayName, $affs, 'scopus', $institution);
        }

        return [
            'candidates' => $this->sortOrcidCandidates(array_values($pool), $firstName, $lastName),
            'attempts'   => $attempts,
        ];
    }

    /**
     * 姓名匹配评分（名+姓）；提供 firstName 时名不匹配则拒绝（如 Yanan ≠ Yuxuan）
     */
    private function scoreCandidateNameMatch($displayName, $firstName, $lastName, $givenName = '', $familyName = '')
    {
        $firstName  = strtolower(trim((string) $firstName));
        $lastName   = strtolower(trim((string) $lastName));
        $givenName  = strtolower(trim((string) $givenName));
        $familyName = strtolower(trim((string) $familyName));
        $displayName = trim((string) $displayName);

        if ($familyName !== '' && $lastName !== '') {
            if (!$this->nameTokenMatches($familyName, $lastName)) {
                return 0;
            }
            $score = 60;
            if ($firstName === '') {
                return $score;
            }
            if ($givenName === '') {
                return 20;
            }
            if ($givenName === $firstName) {
                return $score + 120;
            }
            if ($this->nameTokenMatches($givenName, $firstName)) {
                return $score + 100;
            }
            return 0;
        }

        if ($displayName === '' || $lastName === '') {
            return 0;
        }

        $nameLow = strtolower($displayName);
        if (!$this->nameContainsToken($nameLow, $lastName)) {
            return 0;
        }

        $score = 50;
        if ($firstName === '') {
            return $score;
        }

        $targetA = $firstName . ' ' . $lastName;
        $targetB = $lastName . ' ' . $firstName;
        if ($nameLow === $targetA || $nameLow === $targetB) {
            return $score + 120;
        }

        $tokens = preg_split('/[\s,]+/u', $nameLow);
        $tokens = array_values(array_filter($tokens, function ($t) {
            return $t !== '';
        }));

        $firstHit = false;
        foreach ($tokens as $token) {
            if ($this->nameTokenMatches($token, $lastName)) {
                continue;
            }
            if ($this->nameTokenMatches($token, $firstName)) {
                $firstHit = true;
                $score += 100;
                break;
            }
        }

        if (!$firstHit && $this->nameContainsToken($nameLow, $firstName)) {
            $firstHit = true;
            $score += 80;
        }

        return $firstHit ? $score : 0;
    }

    private function isAcceptableNameMatch($displayName, $firstName, $lastName, $givenName = '', $familyName = '')
    {
        $minScore = trim((string) $firstName) !== '' ? 70 : 40;
        return $this->scoreCandidateNameMatch($displayName, $firstName, $lastName, $givenName, $familyName) >= $minScore;
    }

    private function nameTokenMatches($token, $target)
    {
        $token  = strtolower(trim((string) $token));
        $target = strtolower(trim((string) $target));
        if ($token === '' || $target === '') {
            return false;
        }
        return $token === $target
            || strpos($token, $target) === 0
            || strpos($target, $token) === 0;
    }

    private function nameContainsToken($haystack, $token)
    {
        $token = strtolower(trim((string) $token));
        if ($token === '') {
            return false;
        }
        return preg_match('/\b' . preg_quote($token, '/') . '\b/u', strtolower($haystack)) === 1;
    }

    private function addOrcidCandidate(array &$pool, $orcid, $name, array $affiliations, $source, $institution)
    {
        $orcid = $this->normalizeOrcid($orcid);
        if ($orcid === '') {
            return;
        }
        if (!isset($pool[$orcid])) {
            $pool[$orcid] = [
                'orcid'               => $orcid,
                'display_name'        => '',
                'affiliations'        => [],
                'affiliations_text'   => '',
                'sources'             => [],
                'sources_text'        => '',
                'institution_matched' => false,
                'orcid_url'           => 'https://orcid.org/' . $orcid,
            ];
        }
        $name = trim((string) $name);
        if ($name !== '' && $pool[$orcid]['display_name'] === '') {
            $pool[$orcid]['display_name'] = $name;
        }
        foreach ($affiliations as $aff) {
            $aff = trim((string) $aff);
            if ($aff === '') {
                continue;
            }
            if (!in_array($aff, $pool[$orcid]['affiliations'], true)) {
                $pool[$orcid]['affiliations'][] = $aff;
            }
            if ($institution !== '' && $this->institutionMatches($aff, $institution)) {
                $pool[$orcid]['institution_matched'] = true;
            }
        }
        if (!in_array($source, $pool[$orcid]['sources'], true)) {
            $pool[$orcid]['sources'][] = $source;
        }
    }

    private function sortOrcidCandidates(array $candidates, $firstName = '', $lastName = '')
    {
        foreach ($candidates as &$item) {
            $item['name_match_score'] = $this->scoreCandidateNameMatch(
                $item['display_name'] ?? '',
                $firstName,
                $lastName
            );
            $item['name_matched'] = $item['name_match_score'] >= 70;
            $item['affiliations_text'] = implode('；', $item['affiliations'] ?? []);
            $srcMap = [
                'openalex'       => 'OpenAlex',
                'orcid_registry' => 'ORCID',
                'scopus'         => 'Scopus',
            ];
            $labels = [];
            foreach ($item['sources'] ?? [] as $s) {
                $labels[] = $srcMap[$s] ?? $s;
            }
            $item['sources_text'] = implode(' / ', $labels);
        }
        unset($item);

        usort($candidates, function ($a, $b) {
            $nameCmp = ($b['name_match_score'] ?? 0) <=> ($a['name_match_score'] ?? 0);
            if ($nameCmp !== 0) {
                return $nameCmp;
            }
            if (($a['institution_matched'] ?? false) !== ($b['institution_matched'] ?? false)) {
                return ($b['institution_matched'] ?? false) <=> ($a['institution_matched'] ?? false);
            }
            return strcmp($a['display_name'] ?? '', $b['display_name'] ?? '');
        });

        return $candidates;
    }

    private function institutionMatches($candidateInst, $targetInstitution)
    {
        $instLow = strtolower(trim((string) $targetInstitution));
        $candLow = strtolower(trim((string) $candidateInst));
        if ($instLow === '' || $candLow === '') {
            return false;
        }
        return strpos($candLow, $instLow) !== false || strpos($instLow, $candLow) !== false;
    }

    private function describeQueryWay($orcidSource)
    {
        $map = [
            'provided'    => 'ORCID 精准查询',
            'name_search' => '姓名自动匹配 ORCID',
        ];
        return $map[$orcidSource] ?? 'ORCID 查询';
    }

    private function extractOrcidFromOpenAlexAuthor($author)
    {
        if (!is_array($author)) {
            return '';
        }
        $raw = $author['orcid'] ?? ($author['ids']['orcid'] ?? '');
        return $this->normalizeOrcid((string) $raw);
    }

    private function openalexAuthorsByName($first, $last)
    {
        $q = trim("$first $last");
        if ($q === '' && $last !== '') {
            $q = $last;
        }
        if ($q === '') {
            return [];
        }
        $url = 'https://api.openalex.org/authors?search=' . urlencode($q) . '&per_page=25';
        $json = $this->httpGet($url);
        if (!$json) {
            return [];
        }
        $data = json_decode($json, true);
        return $data['results'] ?? [];
    }

    private function orcidRegistrySearch($lastName, $firstName)
    {
        $parts = [];
        if ($lastName !== '') {
            $parts[] = 'family-name:' . $lastName;
        }
        if ($firstName !== '') {
            $parts[] = 'given-names:' . $firstName;
        }
        if (empty($parts)) {
            return [];
        }
        $url = 'https://pub.orcid.org/v3.0/expanded-search/?q='
            . urlencode(implode(' AND ', $parts)) . '&rows=25';
        $json = $this->httpGet($url, ['Accept: application/json']);
        if (!$json) {
            return [];
        }
        $data = json_decode($json, true);
        return $data['expanded-result'] ?? $data['result'] ?? [];
    }

    private function httpGet($url, array $headers = [], $timeout = 25)
    {
        $headers[] = 'User-Agent: MedicalAuthorCheck/1.0 (mailto:' . $this->email . ')';
        if (function_exists('curl_init')) {
            $ch = curl_init($url);
            curl_setopt_array($ch, [
                CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => true,
                CURLOPT_TIMEOUT        => $timeout,
                CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION => true,
                CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER     => $headers,
                CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER => true,
            ]);
            $body = curl_exec($ch);
            $code = (int) curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
            curl_close($ch);
            return ($body !== false && $code >= 200 && $code < 300) ? $body : null;
        }
        $ctx = stream_context_create([
            'http' => ['method' => 'GET', 'header' => implode("\r\n", $headers), 'timeout' => $timeout],
            'ssl'  => ['verify_peer' => true, 'verify_peer_name' => true],
        ]);
        $body = @file_get_contents($url, false, $ctx);
        return $body !== false ? $body : null;
    }

    private function openalexAuthorByOrcid($orcid)
    {
        $url = 'https://api.openalex.org/authors?filter=orcid:' . urlencode('https://orcid.org/' . $orcid) . '&per_page=5';
        $json = $this->httpGet($url);
        if (!$json) {
            return null;
        }
        $data = json_decode($json, true);
        return $data['results'][0] ?? null;
    }

    private function resolveOpenAlexAuthor($orcid, $firstName, $lastName, $institution)
    {
        $author = $this->openalexAuthorByOrcid($orcid);
        if ($author) {
            return $author;
        }

        $orcidNorm = $this->normalizeOrcid($orcid);
        if ($orcidNorm !== '') {
            foreach ($this->openalexAuthorsByName($firstName, $lastName) as $candidate) {
                if ($this->extractOrcidFromOpenAlexAuthor($candidate) === $orcidNorm) {
                    return $candidate;
                }
            }
            return null;
        }

        if ($lastName === '' && $firstName === '') {
            return null;
        }

        $best = null;
        $bestScore = -1;
        foreach ($this->openalexAuthorsByName($firstName, $lastName) as $candidate) {
            $displayName = $candidate['display_name'] ?? '';
            if (!$this->isAcceptableNameMatch($displayName, $firstName, $lastName)) {
                continue;
            }

            $score = $this->scoreCandidateNameMatch($displayName, $firstName, $lastName);
            if ($institution !== '') {
                foreach ($candidate['last_known_institutions'] ?? [] as $inst) {
                    if ($this->institutionMatches($inst['display_name'] ?? '', $institution)) {
                        $score += 50;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            if ($score > $bestScore) {
                $bestScore = $score;
                $best = $candidate;
                continue;
            }
            if ($score === $bestScore && $best !== null) {
                $candidateWorks = (int) ($candidate['works_count'] ?? 0);
                $bestWorks = (int) ($best['works_count'] ?? 0);
                if ($candidateWorks > $bestWorks) {
                    $best = $candidate;
                }
            }
        }
        return $best;
    }

    private function resolveWorksCount($metrics, $orcidData, $pubmed, $scopusApi, $orcid)
    {
        $counts = [
            (int) ($metrics['works_count'] ?? 0),
            (int) ($orcidData['papers_total'] ?? 0),
            (int) ($pubmed['total'] ?? 0),
        ];
        $orcidNorm = $this->normalizeOrcid($orcid);
        $entries = $scopusApi['entries'] ?? [];
        foreach ($entries as $entry) {
            if ($orcidNorm !== '' && $this->normalizeOrcid($entry['orcid'] ?? '') === $orcidNorm) {
                $counts[] = (int) ($entry['document_count'] ?? 0);
                break;
            }
        }
        if ($orcidNorm === '' && count($entries) === 1) {
            $counts[] = (int) ($entries[0]['document_count'] ?? 0);
        }
        return max($counts);
    }

    private function openalexMetrics($author)
    {
        if (!$author) {
            return [
                'found' => false, 'display_name' => '', 'openalex_id' => '', 'orcid' => '',
                'works_count' => 0, 'cited_by_count' => 0, 'h_index' => 0, 'i10_index' => 0,
                'institutions' => [], 'topics' => [], 'openalex_url' => '', 'scopus_id' => '', 'scopus_url' => '',
            ];
        }
        $stats = $author['summary_stats'] ?? [];
        $scopusId = $this->extractScopusId($author['ids']['scopus'] ?? '');
        $insts = [];
        foreach ($author['last_known_institutions'] ?? [] as $i) {
            $insts[] = $i['display_name'] ?? '';
        }
        $topics = [];
        foreach (array_slice($author['topics'] ?? [], 0, 5) as $t) {
            $topics[] = ($t['display_name'] ?? '') . ' (' . ($t['count'] ?? 0) . '篇)';
        }
        $oid = $author['id'] ?? '';
        return [
            'found'          => true,
            'display_name'   => $author['display_name'] ?? '',
            'openalex_id'    => $oid,
            'orcid'          => preg_replace('#.*/#', '', $author['orcid'] ?? ''),
            'works_count'    => (int) ($author['works_count'] ?? 0),
            'cited_by_count' => (int) ($author['cited_by_count'] ?? 0),
            'h_index'        => (int) ($stats['h_index'] ?? 0),
            'i10_index'      => (int) ($stats['i10_index'] ?? 0),
            'institutions'   => $insts,
            'topics'         => $topics,
            'openalex_url'   => str_replace('https://openalex.org/', 'https://openalex.org/authors/', $oid),
            'scopus_id'      => $scopusId,
            'scopus_url'     => $scopusId ? $this->scopusAuthorUrl($scopusId) : '',
        ];
    }

    private function extractScopusId($raw)
    {
        if (!$raw) {
            return '';
        }
        if (preg_match('/authorID=(\d+)/i', (string) $raw, $m)) {
            return $m[1];
        }
        if (preg_match('/^(\d{8,})$/', (string) $raw, $m)) {
            return $m[1];
        }
        return '';
    }

    private function scopusAuthorUrl($authorId)
    {
        return 'https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=' . urlencode($authorId);
    }

    private function scopusDirectUrl($last, $first, $institution, $orcid)
    {
        $base = 'https://www.scopus.com/results/authorNamesList.uri';
        $params = [
            'sort' => 'count-f', 'src' => 'al', 'selectionPageSearch' => 'anl',
            'origin' => 'searchauthorfreelookup', 'activeFlag' => 'true',
            'resultsPerPage' => '20', 'exactAuthorSearch' => 'false',
        ];
        if ($orcid !== '') {
            $params['orcidId'] = $orcid;
            $params['s'] = 'AUTH--ORCID--ID(' . $orcid . ')';
            return $base . '?' . http_build_query($params, '', '&', PHP_QUERY_RFC3986);
        }
        if ($last === '' && $first === '') {
            return null;
        }
        $params['authorLastName'] = $last;
        $params['authorFirstName'] = $first;
        if ($institution !== '') {
            $params['affilname'] = $institution;
        }
        $s = [];
        if ($last !== '') {
            $s[] = 'AUTHLASTNAME(' . $last . ')';
        }
        if ($first !== '') {
            $s[] = 'AUTHFIRST(' . $first . ')';
        }
        if ($institution !== '') {
            $s[] = 'AFFIL(' . $institution . ')';
        }
        $params['s'] = implode(' AND ', $s);
        return $base . '?' . http_build_query($params, '', '&', PHP_QUERY_RFC3986);
    }

    private function httpGetElsevier($url, $apiKey, $timeout = 25)
    {
        $headers = ['Accept: application/json', 'X-ELS-APIKey: ' . $apiKey];
        if (!function_exists('curl_init')) {
            return null;
        }
        $ch = curl_init($url);
        curl_setopt_array($ch, [
            CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => true,
            CURLOPT_TIMEOUT        => $timeout,
            CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION => true,
            CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER     => $headers,
            CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER => true,
        ]);
        $body = curl_exec($ch);
        $code = (int) curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
        curl_close($ch);
        return ($body !== false && $code >= 200 && $code < 300) ? $body : null;
    }

    private function scopusApiSearch($orcid, $last, $first, $institution, $nameOnly = false)
    {
        $apiKey = $this->scopusApiKey;
        if (trim($apiKey) === '') {
            return ['ok' => false, 'msg' => '未配置 Scopus API Key', 'entries' => []];
        }
        if ($orcid !== '') {
            $query = 'ORCID(' . $orcid . ')';
        } else {
            $parts = [];
            if ($last !== '') {
                $parts[] = 'AUTHLASTNAME(' . preg_replace('/[^\pL\pN\s\-]/u', '', $last) . ')';
            }
            if ($first !== '') {
                $parts[] = 'AUTHFIRST(' . preg_replace('/[^\pL\pN\s\-]/u', '', $first) . ')';
            }
            if (!$nameOnly && $institution !== '') {
                $parts[] = 'AFFIL(' . $institution . ')';
            }
            if (empty($parts)) {
                return ['ok' => false, 'msg' => '缺少检索条件', 'entries' => []];
            }
            $query = implode(' AND ', $parts);
        }
        $count = $nameOnly ? 25 : 10;
        $url = 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/search/author?query=' . urlencode($query) . '&count=' . $count;
        $json = $this->httpGetElsevier($url, $apiKey);
        if (!$json) {
            return ['ok' => false, 'msg' => 'Scopus API 请求失败，请检查 Key 或网络', 'entries' => []];
        }
        $data = json_decode($json, true);
        $entries = [];
        foreach ($data['search-results']['entry'] ?? [] as $e) {
            if (!is_array($e)) {
                continue;
            }
            $idRaw = $e['dc:identifier'] ?? '';
            $authorId = '';
            if (preg_match('/AUTHOR_ID:(\d+)/', $idRaw, $m)) {
                $authorId = $m[1];
            }
            $name = '';
            if (!empty($e['preferred-name'])) {
                $pn = $e['preferred-name'];
                $name = ($pn['ce:indexed-name'] ?? '')
                    ?: trim(($pn['ce:given-name'] ?? '') . ' ' . ($pn['ce:surname'] ?? ''));
            }
            $aff = '';
            if (!empty($e['affiliation-current']['affiliation-name'])) {
                $aff = $e['affiliation-current']['affiliation-name'];
            } elseif (!empty($e['affiliation-current']['ip-doc']['afdispname'])) {
                $aff = $e['affiliation-current']['ip-doc']['afdispname'];
            }
            $entryOrcid = '';
            foreach (['orcid', 'ORCID'] as $orcidKey) {
                if (!empty($e[$orcidKey])) {
                    $entryOrcid = $this->normalizeOrcid((string) $e[$orcidKey]);
                    if ($entryOrcid !== '') {
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            $entries[] = [
                'author_id'      => $authorId,
                'name'           => $name,
                'affiliation'    => $aff,
                'orcid'          => $entryOrcid,
                'document_count' => (int) ($e['document-count'] ?? 0),
                'cited_by_count' => (int) ($e['cited-by-count'] ?? 0),
                'h_index'        => (int) ($e['h-index'] ?? 0),
                'url'            => $authorId ? $this->scopusAuthorUrl($authorId) : '',
            ];
        }
        return ['ok' => true, 'msg' => '共匹配 ' . count($entries) . ' 位作者', 'entries' => $entries];
    }

    private function orcidProfile($orcid)
    {
        $base = "https://pub.orcid.org/v3.0/$orcid";
        $headers = ['Accept: application/json'];
        $person = json_decode($this->httpGet("$base/person", $headers) ?: '{}', true);
        $works  = json_decode($this->httpGet("$base/works", $headers) ?: '{}', true);

        $name = '';
        $affs = [];
        if (!empty($person['name'])) {
            $g = $person['name']['given-names']['value'] ?? '';
            $f = $person['name']['family-name']['value'] ?? '';
            $name = trim("$g $f");
        }
        foreach ($person['activities-summary']['employments']['affiliation-group'] ?? [] as $g) {
            $s = $g['summaries'][0]['employment-summary'] ?? [];
            $org = $s['organization']['name'] ?? '';
            if ($org) {
                $affs[] = $org;
            }
        }

        $papers = [];
        foreach ($works['group'] ?? [] as $grp) {
            $w = $grp['work-summary'][0] ?? [];
            $doi = '';
            $pmid = '';
            foreach ($w['external-ids']['external-id'] ?? [] as $ext) {
                $type = strtolower($ext['external-id-type'] ?? '');
                $val  = $ext['external-id-value'] ?? '';
                if ($type === 'doi' && $doi === '') {
                    $doi = $val;
                }
                if ($type === 'pmid' && $pmid === '') {
                    $pmid = $val;
                }
            }
            $papers[] = [
                'title'   => $w['title']['title']['value'] ?? '无标题',
                'year'    => $w['publication-date']['year']['value'] ?? '',
                'journal' => $w['journal-title']['value'] ?? '',
                'doi'     => $doi,
                'pmid'    => $pmid,
                'url'     => $w['url']['value'] ?? '',
            ];
        }
        usort($papers, function ($a, $b) {
            return (int) ($b['year'] ?? 0) <=> (int) ($a['year'] ?? 0);
        });
        return ['name' => $name, 'affiliations' => $affs, 'papers' => $papers, 'papers_total' => count($papers)];
    }

    private function pubmedEsearch($term, $retmax = 0, $sort = '')
    {
        $email = urlencode($this->email);
        $url = 'https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/esearch.fcgi?db=pubmed&term='
            . urlencode($term) . '&retmode=json&retmax=' . $retmax
            . '&tool=MedicalAuthorCheck&email=' . $email;
        if ($sort !== '') {
            $url .= '&sort=' . urlencode($sort);
        }
        $data = json_decode($this->httpGet($url) ?: '{}', true);
        $res = $data['esearchresult'] ?? [];
        return ['count' => (int) ($res['count'] ?? 0), 'ids' => $res['idlist'] ?? [], 'term' => $term];
    }

    private function pubmedFetchSummaries(array $ids)
    {
        if (empty($ids)) {
            return [];
        }
        $email = urlencode($this->email);
        $papers = [];
        foreach (array_chunk($ids, 20) as $chunk) {
            $sumUrl = 'https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/esummary.fcgi?db=pubmed&id='
                . implode(',', $chunk) . '&retmode=json&tool=MedicalAuthorCheck&email=' . $email;
            $sum = json_decode($this->httpGet($sumUrl) ?: '{}', true);
            foreach ($chunk as $pmid) {
                $r = $sum['result'][$pmid] ?? [];
                $doi = '';
                foreach ($r['articleids'] ?? [] as $aid) {
                    if (strtolower($aid['idtype'] ?? '') === 'doi') {
                        $doi = $aid['value'] ?? '';
                        break;
                    }
                }
                $papers[] = [
                    'pmid' => $pmid, 'title' => $r['title'] ?? "PMID $pmid",
                    'year' => substr($r['pubdate'] ?? '', 0, 4),
                    'journal' => $r['fulljournalname'] ?? $r['source'] ?? '',
                    'doi' => $doi, 'url' => '',
                ];
            }
        }
        return $papers;
    }

    private function pubmedBuildQueries($last, $first, $institution, $orcid)
    {
        $queries = [];
        if ($orcid !== '') {
            $queries[] = $orcid . '[ORCID]';
        }
        $firstParts = preg_split('/\s+/', trim($first));
        $firstInitial = $firstParts[0] ?? '';
        if ($last !== '') {
            if ($firstInitial !== '' && $institution !== '') {
                $queries[] = $last . '[Author] AND ' . $firstInitial . '[Author] AND ' . $institution . '[Affiliation]';
            }
            if ($first !== '' && $institution !== '') {
                $queries[] = $last . '[Author] AND "' . $first . '"[Author] AND ' . $institution . '[Affiliation]';
            }
            if ($firstInitial !== '') {
                $queries[] = $last . '[Author] AND ' . $firstInitial . '[Author]';
            }
            if ($first !== '') {
                $queries[] = $last . '[Author] AND "' . $first . '"[Author]';
            }
            if ($first === '') {
                $queries[] = $last . '[Author]';
            }
        }
        return array_values(array_unique($queries));
    }

    private function pubmedSearch($last, $first, $institution, $orcid = '', $listMax = 10)
    {
        $queries = $this->pubmedBuildQueries($last, $first, $institution, $orcid);
        $best = ['count' => 0, 'ids' => [], 'term' => ''];
        foreach ($queries as $term) {
            $r = $this->pubmedEsearch($term, 0);
            if ($r['count'] > 0) {
                $best = $r;
                break;
            }
        }
        $total = $best['count'];
        $usedTerm = $best['term'];
        $papers = [];
        if ($total > 0) {
            $recent = $this->pubmedEsearch($usedTerm, $listMax, 'pub date');
            $ids = $recent['ids'];
            if (empty($ids)) {
                $recent = $this->pubmedEsearch($usedTerm, $listMax);
                $ids = $recent['ids'];
            }
            $papers = $this->pubmedFetchSummaries($ids);
        }
        $urlTerm = $usedTerm;
        if (preg_match('/^(.+)\[ORCID\]$/i', $usedTerm, $m)) {
            $urlTerm = $m[1];
        }

        return [
            'total' => $total, 'papers' => $papers, 'query' => $usedTerm,
            'pubmed_url' => 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=' . urlencode($urlTerm),
        ];
    }

    public function paperOpenUrl(array $p)
    {
        if (!empty($p['url']) && filter_var($p['url'], FILTER_VALIDATE_URL)) {
            return $p['url'];
        }
        if (!empty($p['doi'])) {
            return 'https://doi.org/' . ltrim($p['doi'], 'https://doi.org/');
        }
        if (!empty($p['pmid'])) {
            return 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/' . $p['pmid'] . '/';
        }
        return '';
    }

    private function rwCachePath()
    {
        $root = defined('ROOT_PATH') ? rtrim(ROOT_PATH, '/\\') : dirname(dirname(dirname(__DIR__)));
        return $root . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'runtime' . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'retraction_watch_cache.csv';
    }

    private function downloadRetractionWatch()
    {
        $path = $this->rwCachePath();
        $dir = dirname($path);
        if (!is_dir($dir)) {
            @mkdir($dir, 0755, true);
        }
        if (is_file($path) && (time() - filemtime($path)) < self::RW_CACHE_H) {
            return true;
        }
        $csv = $this->httpGet(self::RW_CSV_URL, [], 60);
        if (!$csv || strlen($csv) < 1000) {
            return is_file($path);
        }
        return file_put_contents($path, $csv) !== false;
    }

    private function normalizeDoi($raw)
    {
        $raw = strtolower(trim((string) $raw));
        if ($raw === '' || in_array($raw, ['unavailable', 'na', 'n/a'], true)) {
            return '';
        }
        $raw = preg_replace('#^https?://(dx\.)?doi\.org/#i', '', $raw);
        return trim($raw, '/');
    }

    private function collectPaperDois(array $papers)
    {
        $map = [];
        foreach ($papers as $p) {
            $doi = $this->normalizeDoi($p['doi'] ?? '');
            if ($doi !== '') {
                $map[$doi] = $p;
            }
        }
        return $map;
    }

    private function isMisconductReason($reason)
    {
        $r = strtolower((string) $reason);
        $keys = [
            'misconduct', 'fabrication', 'falsification', 'plagiarism',
            'fake peer', 'paper mill', 'ethical violation', 'breach of policy',
            'complaints about author', 'fraud', 'manipulation',
            '不端', '造假', '抄袭', '剽窃',
        ];
        foreach ($keys as $k) {
            if (strpos($r, $k) !== false) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    private function titleMatchKey($title)
    {
        return strtolower(preg_replace('/[^a-z0-9\x{4e00}-\x{9fff}]+/u', '', trim((string) $title)));
    }

    private function rwTitleMatchesPaper($rwTitle, array $paper)
    {
        $k1 = $this->titleMatchKey($rwTitle);
        $k2 = $this->titleMatchKey($paper['title'] ?? '');
        if ($k1 === '' || $k2 === '') {
            return false;
        }
        return $k1 === $k2 || strpos($k1, $k2) !== false || strpos($k2, $k1) !== false;
    }

    private function nameTokens($first, $last, $displayName = '')
    {
        $tokens = [];
        $last = strtolower(trim((string) $last));
        $first = strtolower(trim((string) $first));
        if ($last) {
            $tokens[] = $last;
        }
        if ($first) {
            $tokens[] = $first;
            foreach (preg_split('/\s+/', $first) as $p) {
                if (strlen($p) > 1) {
                    $tokens[] = $p;
                }
            }
        }
        if ($displayName) {
            foreach (preg_split('/\s+/', strtolower($displayName)) as $p) {
                if (strlen($p) > 2) {
                    $tokens[] = $p;
                }
            }
        }
        return array_unique($tokens);
    }

    private function authorMatchesRw($authorField, array $tokens)
    {
        $field = strtolower((string) $authorField);
        if ($field === '') {
            return false;
        }
        if (!empty($tokens[0]) && strpos($field, $tokens[0]) === false) {
            return false;
        }
        $hits = 0;
        foreach ($tokens as $t) {
            if (strlen($t) >= 3 && strpos($field, $t) !== false) {
                $hits++;
            }
        }
        return $hits >= 2 || (count($tokens) === 1 && $hits >= 1);
    }

    private function rwDetailUrl(array $row, array $col)
    {
        $urls = $row[$col['URLS'] ?? 7] ?? '';
        foreach (preg_split('/\s*;\s*/', (string) $urls) as $u) {
            $u = trim($u);
            if ($u !== '' && preg_match('#^https?://#i', $u)) {
                return $u;
            }
        }
        $origDoi = $this->normalizeDoi($row[$col['OriginalPaperDOI'] ?? 12] ?? '');
        if ($origDoi !== '') {
            return 'https://doi.org/' . $origDoi;
        }
        $retDoi = $this->normalizeDoi($row[$col['RetractionDOI'] ?? 9] ?? '');
        if ($retDoi !== '') {
            return 'https://doi.org/' . $retDoi;
        }
        $title = trim($row[$col['Title'] ?? 1] ?? '');
        if ($title !== '') {
            return 'https://retractionwatch.com/?s=' . rawurlencode($title);
        }
        return '';
    }

    private function buildRwItem(array $row, array $col, $matchType, $authorPaper = null)
    {
        $title   = $row[$col['Title'] ?? 1] ?? '';
        $reason  = $row[$col['Reason'] ?? 11] ?? '';
        $nature  = $row[$col['RetractionNature'] ?? 10] ?? '';
        $date    = $row[$col['RetractionDate'] ?? 5] ?? '';
        $authors = $row[$col['Author'] ?? 6] ?? '';
        $origDoi = $this->normalizeDoi($row[$col['OriginalPaperDOI'] ?? 12] ?? '');
        $misconduct = $this->isMisconductReason($reason);
        $detailUrl = $this->rwDetailUrl($row, $col);
        if ($authorPaper && !$detailUrl) {
            $detailUrl = $this->paperOpenUrl($authorPaper);
        }
        $matchLabels = [
            'doi'        => 'DOI 精确匹配（高可信度）',
            'name'       => '姓名+题目匹配（参考，已关联 ORCID 无 DOI 作品）',
            'name_loose' => '姓名匹配（低可信度，存在同名误报风险）',
        ];
        return [
            'record_id'    => $row[$col['Record ID'] ?? 0] ?? '',
            'title'        => $title,
            'nature'       => $nature,
            'reason'       => $reason,
            'date'         => $date,
            'misconduct'   => $misconduct,
            'authors'      => $authors,
            'doi'          => $origDoi,
            'author_title' => $authorPaper['title'] ?? '',
            'author_year'  => $authorPaper['year'] ?? '',
            'url'          => $detailUrl,
            'match_type'   => $matchType,
            'match_label'  => $matchLabels[$matchType] ?? $matchType,
        ];
    }

    private function countRwStats(array $items)
    {
        $mis = 0;
        $ret = 0;
        foreach ($items as $it) {
            if (stripos($it['nature'] ?? '', 'retraction') !== false) {
                $ret++;
            }
            if (!empty($it['misconduct'])) {
                $mis++;
            }
        }
        return ['misconduct_count' => $mis, 'retraction_count' => $ret];
    }

    private function searchRetractionsHybrid(array $papers, $first, $last, $institution, $displayName = '')
    {
        $empty = [
            'ok' => false, 'msg' => '', 'items' => [],
            'misconduct_count' => 0, 'retraction_count' => 0,
            'checked_doi_count' => 0, 'no_doi_count' => count($papers),
            'doi_match_count' => 0, 'name_match_count' => 0, 'name_loose_match_count' => 0,
        ];
        if (!$this->downloadRetractionWatch()) {
            $empty['msg'] = '撤稿数据库暂不可用';
            return $empty;
        }

        $paperByDoi = $this->collectPaperDois($papers);
        $noDoiPapers = [];
        foreach ($papers as $p) {
            if ($this->normalizeDoi($p['doi'] ?? '') === '') {
                $noDoiPapers[] = $p;
            }
        }
        $checkedCount = count($paperByDoi);
        $noDoiCount = count($noDoiPapers);

        $path = $this->rwCachePath();
        $fp = fopen($path, 'r');
        if (!$fp) {
            $empty['msg'] = '撤稿数据库读取失败';
            return $empty;
        }

        $header = fgetcsv($fp);
        $col = array_flip($header ?: []);
        $doiIndex = array_flip(array_keys($paperByDoi));
        $tokens = $this->nameTokens($first, $last, $displayName);
        $instLow = strtolower((string) $institution);
        $items = [];
        $seenKeys = [];

        $addItem = function (array $item) use (&$items, &$seenKeys) {
            $key = ($item['record_id'] ?? '') . '|' . ($item['doi'] ?? '') . '|' . $this->titleMatchKey($item['title'] ?? '');
            if (isset($seenKeys[$key])) {
                return;
            }
            $seenKeys[$key] = true;
            $items[] = $item;
        };

        while (($row = fgetcsv($fp)) !== false) {
            $origDoi = $this->normalizeDoi($row[$col['OriginalPaperDOI'] ?? 12] ?? '');
            if ($origDoi !== '' && isset($doiIndex[$origDoi])) {
                $addItem($this->buildRwItem($row, $col, 'doi', $paperByDoi[$origDoi]));
            }
        }

        rewind($fp);
        fgetcsv($fp);

        if ($noDoiCount > 0 && !empty($tokens)) {
            while (($row = fgetcsv($fp)) !== false) {
                $origDoi = $this->normalizeDoi($row[$col['OriginalPaperDOI'] ?? 12] ?? '');
                if ($origDoi !== '' && isset($doiIndex[$origDoi])) {
                    continue;
                }
                $authors = $row[$col['Author'] ?? 6] ?? '';
                if (!$this->authorMatchesRw($authors, $tokens)) {
                    continue;
                }
                $rwTitle = $row[$col['Title'] ?? 1] ?? '';
                $linkedPaper = null;
                foreach ($noDoiPapers as $p) {
                    if ($this->rwTitleMatchesPaper($rwTitle, $p)) {
                        $linkedPaper = $p;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if ($linkedPaper) {
                    $addItem($this->buildRwItem($row, $col, 'name', $linkedPaper));
                    continue;
                }
                if ($instLow !== '') {
                    $inst = strtolower($row[$col['Institution'] ?? 4] ?? '');
                    if ($inst !== '' && strpos($inst, $instLow) === false && strpos($instLow, $inst) === false) {
                        continue;
                    }
                }
                if (count($items) < 50) {
                    $addItem($this->buildRwItem($row, $col, 'name_loose', null));
                }
            }
        }
        fclose($fp);

        $doiMatch = $nameMatch = $nameLooseMatch = 0;
        foreach ($items as $it) {
            if ($it['match_type'] === 'doi') {
                $doiMatch++;
            } elseif ($it['match_type'] === 'name') {
                $nameMatch++;
            } else {
                $nameLooseMatch++;
            }
        }
        $stats = $this->countRwStats($items);

        return [
            'ok'                     => true,
            'msg'                    => 'DOI 比对 ' . $checkedCount . ' 篇，无 DOI 作品 ' . $noDoiCount . ' 篇已启用姓名回退',
            'items'                  => $items,
            'misconduct_count'       => $stats['misconduct_count'],
            'retraction_count'       => $stats['retraction_count'],
            'checked_doi_count'      => $checkedCount,
            'no_doi_count'           => $noDoiCount,
            'doi_match_count'        => $doiMatch,
            'name_match_count'       => $nameMatch,
            'name_loose_match_count' => $nameLooseMatch,
        ];
    }

    private function papersForDupCheck(array $orcidPapers, array $pubmedPapers)
    {
        $all = [];
        foreach ($orcidPapers as $p) {
            $p['source'] = 'ORCID';
            $all[] = $p;
        }
        foreach ($pubmedPapers as $p) {
            $p['source'] = 'PubMed';
            $all[] = $p;
        }
        return $all;
    }

    private function checkDuplicateTitles(array $papers)
    {
        $groups = [];
        foreach ($papers as $p) {
            $t = trim($p['title'] ?? '');
            if ($t === '' || strpos($t, 'PMID') === 0) {
                continue;
            }
            $key = strtolower(preg_replace('/[^a-z0-9\x{4e00}-\x{9fff}]+/u', '', $t));
            if ($key === '') {
                continue;
            }
            $groups[$key][] = $p;
        }
        $dups = [];
        foreach ($groups as $items) {
            if (count($items) >= 2) {
                $dups[] = ['title' => $items[0]['title'], 'papers' => $items];
            }
        }
        return $dups;
    }

    private function riskLevel(array $rw, $hIndex, $works)
    {
        if (($rw['misconduct_count'] ?? 0) > 0) {
            return '高风险 — 存在学术不端相关撤稿记录，建议人工复核';
        }
        if (($rw['retraction_count'] ?? 0) > 0) {
            return '中风险 — 存在撤稿 / 关注声明，请核对是否与本人相关';
        }
        if ($works === 0) {
            return '待核实 — 未检索到论文，请核对 ORCID / 姓名拼写';
        }
        if ($hIndex >= 10 || $works >= 20) {
            return '低风险 — 学术产出指标正常';
        }
        return '一般 — 青年学者常见产出区间，建议结合研究方向综合判断';
    }
}