diff --git a/application/api/controller/Production.php b/application/api/controller/Production.php
index f6f1a0c5..d1e451c7 100644
--- a/application/api/controller/Production.php
+++ b/application/api/controller/Production.php
@@ -1932,7 +1932,8 @@ class Production extends Base
         }
 
         $this->referToDoi($data['p_article_id']);
-        (new ReferenceDispatchService())->dispatchRefersByType($data['p_article_id']);
+        // 每条文献单独入队，接口立即返回；多 worker 可并行处理 200+ 条
+        (new ReferenceDispatchService())->enqueueRefersByType($data['p_article_id']);
         return jsonSuccess([]);
     }
 
@@ -1999,7 +2000,7 @@ class Production extends Base
 
     public function doiTofrag($p_article_id)
     {
-        (new ReferenceDispatchService())->dispatchRefersByType($p_article_id);
+        (new ReferenceDispatchService())->enqueueRefersByType($p_article_id);
         return jsonSuccess([]);
     }
 
diff --git a/application/api/job/ReferenceDispatchQueue.php b/application/api/job/ReferenceDispatchQueue.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2c1f39bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/api/job/ReferenceDispatchQueue.php
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+<?php
+namespace app\api\job;
+
+use think\queue\Job;
+use app\common\QueueJob;
+use app\common\QueueRedis;
+use app\common\ReferenceDispatchService;
+
+/**
+ * 单条参考文献分流（journal/book/other）异步任务。
+ * freshRefers 按 p_refer_id 逐条入队，多条文献由多个 worker 并行处理。
+ *
+ * Worker：
+ *   php think queue:work --queue ReferenceDispatchQueue,ArticleReferDetailQueue
+ */
+class ReferenceDispatchQueue
+{
+    private $oQueueJob;
+    private $QueueRedis;
+    private $completedExprie = 3600;
+
+    public function __construct()
+    {
+        $this->oQueueJob = new QueueJob;
+        $this->QueueRedis = QueueRedis::getInstance();
+    }
+
+    public function fire(Job $job, $data)
+    {
+        $this->oQueueJob->init($job);
+
+        $rawBody = empty($job->getRawBody()) ? '' : $job->getRawBody();
+        $jobData = empty($rawBody) ? [] : json_decode($rawBody, true);
+        $jobId = empty($jobData['id']) ? 'unknown' : $jobData['id'];
+
+        $this->oQueueJob->log("-----------队列任务开始-----------");
+        $this->oQueueJob->log("当前任务ID: {$jobId}, 尝试次数: {$job->attempts()}");
+
+        $iPArticleId = empty($data['p_article_id']) ? 0 : intval($data['p_article_id']);
+        $iPReferId = empty($data['p_refer_id']) ? 0 : intval($data['p_refer_id']);
+        if (empty($iPArticleId) || empty($iPReferId)) {
+            $this->oQueueJob->log("无效的 p_article_id 或 p_refer_id，删除任务");
+            $job->delete();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            $sClassName = get_class($this);
+            $sRedisKey = "queue_job:{$sClassName}:{$iPArticleId}:{$iPReferId}";
+            $sRedisValue = uniqid() . '_' . getmypid();
+            if (!$this->oQueueJob->acquireLock($sRedisKey, $sRedisValue, $job)) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            (new ReferenceDispatchService())->dispatchReferByType($iPReferId);
+
+            $this->QueueRedis->finishJob($sRedisKey, 'completed', $this->completedExprie, $sRedisValue);
+            $job->delete();
+            $this->oQueueJob->log("任务执行成功 | 日志ID: {$sRedisKey} | p_refer_id:{$iPReferId}");
+        } catch (\RuntimeException $e) {
+            $this->oQueueJob->handleRetryableException($e, $sRedisKey, $sRedisValue, $job);
+        } catch (\LogicException $e) {
+            $this->oQueueJob->handleNonRetryableException($e, $sRedisKey, $sRedisValue, $job);
+        } catch (\Exception $e) {
+            $this->oQueueJob->handleRetryableException($e, $sRedisKey, $sRedisValue, $job);
+        } finally {
+            $this->oQueueJob->finnal();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/application/common/ReferenceDispatchService.php b/application/common/ReferenceDispatchService.php
index 8358f35a..e2ef01d8 100644
--- a/application/common/ReferenceDispatchService.php
+++ b/application/common/ReferenceDispatchService.php
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@ use think\Env;
 use think\Queue;
 
 /**
- * 参考文献分流处理：freshRefers 入口之后，按 journal / book / other 三路处理。
+ * 参考文献分流处理：按 journal / book / other 三路处理。
+ * 每条文献单独入 ReferenceDispatchQueue，由 worker 并行消费。
  *
  * - journal：有 DOI 入 ArticleReferDetailQueue；无 DOI 保留原文
  * - book：填充结构化字段 author/title/joura/dateno/isbn（与 Preaccept、References 约定一致）
@@ -24,9 +25,9 @@ class ReferenceDispatchService
     }
 
     /**
-     * 对某篇生产文章的全部参考文献按类型分流处理
+     * 将文章下全部有效参考文献逐条入队分流（HTTP 内只做 push，立即返回）
      */
-    public function dispatchRefersByType($pArticleId)
+    public function enqueueRefersByType($pArticleId)
     {
         $pArticleId = intval($pArticleId);
         if ($pArticleId <= 0) {
@@ -43,43 +44,90 @@ class ReferenceDispatchService
             return;
         }
 
+        foreach ($refers as $refer) {
+            Queue::push(
+                'app\api\job\ReferenceDispatchQueue@fire',
+                $refer,
+                'ReferenceDispatchQueue'
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 处理单条参考文献分流（由 ReferenceDispatchQueue 调用）
+     */
+    public function dispatchReferByType($pReferId)
+    {
+        $pReferId = intval($pReferId);
+        if ($pReferId <= 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $refer = Db::name('production_article_refer')
+            ->where('p_refer_id', $pReferId)
+            ->where('state', 0)
+            ->find();
+
+        if (empty($refer)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
         $crossref = new CrossrefService([
             'mailto' => trim((string)Env::get('crossref_mailto', '')),
         ]);
 
-        foreach ($refers as $refer) {
-            $summary = null;
-            $crossrefType = '';
-            if (trim((string)$refer['refer_doi']) !== '') {
-                $doiNorm = $this->normalizeDoi($refer['refer_doi']);
-                if ($doiNorm !== '') {
-                    $summary = $crossref->fetchWorkSummary($doiNorm);
-                    if ($summary && !empty($summary['raw']['type'])) {
-                        $crossrefType = (string)$summary['raw']['type'];
-                    }
+        $summary = null;
+        $crossrefType = '';
+        if (trim((string)$refer['refer_doi']) !== '') {
+            $doiNorm = $this->normalizeDoi($refer['refer_doi']);
+            if ($doiNorm !== '') {
+                $summary = $crossref->fetchWorkSummary($doiNorm);
+                if ($summary && !empty($summary['raw']['type'])) {
+                    $crossrefType = (string)$summary['raw']['type'];
                 }
             }
+        }
 
-            $typeInfo = $this->classifier->classify((string)$refer['refer_content'], $crossrefType);
-            $dispatchType = $this->classifier->normalizeDispatchType($typeInfo['type']);
+        $typeInfo = $this->classifier->classify((string)$refer['refer_content'], $crossrefType);
+        $dispatchType = $this->classifier->normalizeDispatchType($typeInfo['type']);
 
-            Db::name('production_article_refer')->where('p_refer_id', $refer['p_refer_id'])->update([
-                'refer_type'  => $dispatchType,
-                'update_time' => time(),
-            ]);
-            $refer['refer_type'] = $dispatchType;
+        Db::name('production_article_refer')->where('p_refer_id', $refer['p_refer_id'])->update([
+            'refer_type'  => $dispatchType,
+            'update_time' => time(),
+        ]);
+        $refer['refer_type'] = $dispatchType;
 
-            switch ($dispatchType) {
-                case ReferenceTypeClassifier::TYPE_BOOK:
-                    $this->processBookRefer($refer, $summary, $crossref);
-                    break;
-                case ReferenceTypeClassifier::TYPE_OTHER:
-                    $this->processOtherRefer($refer);
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    $this->processJournalRefer($refer);
-                    break;
-            }
+        switch ($dispatchType) {
+            case ReferenceTypeClassifier::TYPE_BOOK:
+                $this->processBookRefer($refer, $summary, $crossref);
+                break;
+            case ReferenceTypeClassifier::TYPE_OTHER:
+                $this->processOtherRefer($refer);
+                break;
+            default:
+                $this->processJournalRefer($refer);
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 同步处理整篇文章（仅供脚本/调试，勿在 HTTP 或单条队列任务中批量调用）
+     */
+    public function dispatchRefersByType($pArticleId)
+    {
+        $pArticleId = intval($pArticleId);
+        if ($pArticleId <= 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $refers = Db::name('production_article_refer')
+            ->where('p_article_id', $pArticleId)
+            ->where('state', 0)
+            ->order('index asc, p_refer_id asc')
+            ->column('p_refer_id');
+
+        foreach ($refers as $pReferId) {
+            $this->dispatchReferByType($pReferId);
         }
     }